Physics formula sheet

95 formulas you'll actually use, chapter by chapter. Search for any of them.

Updated 28 October 2026Free · no sign-up

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Units and dimensions

Force: [MLT⁻²]
Work, energy: [ML²T⁻²]
Power: [ML²T⁻³]
Pressure, stress: [ML⁻¹T⁻²]
Planck's constant, angular momentum: [ML²T⁻¹]
Gravitational constant G: [M⁻¹L³T⁻²]

Kinematics

Velocity after time t: v = u + at
Displacement: s = ut + ½at²
Without time: v² = u² + 2as
Distance in nth second: sₙ = u + a(2n − 1)/2
Projectile range: R = u² sin 2θ / g
Maximum height: H = u² sin²θ / 2g
Time of flight: T = 2u sin θ / g

Laws of motion

Newton's second law: F = ma = dp/dt
Static friction limit: f ≤ μₛN
Centripetal force: F = mv²/r
Banking of roads (no friction): tan θ = v²/rg
Impulse: J = FΔt = Δp

Work, energy and power

Work: W = Fs cos θ
Kinetic energy: K = ½mv² = p²/2m
Spring potential energy: U = ½kx²
Power: P = Fv
Work–energy theorem: W_net = ΔK

Rotational motion

Torque: τ = r × F = Iα
Angular momentum: L = Iω
Rotational KE: K = ½Iω²
Parallel axis theorem: I = I_cm + Md²
Ring (about axis): I = MR²
Disc (about axis): I = ½MR²
Solid sphere (diameter): I = (2/5)MR²
Rod (centre, ⊥): I = ML²/12
Rolling without slipping: v = ωR

Gravitation

Newton's law: F = Gm₁m₂/r²
g at surface: g = GM/R²
g at height h (h ≪ R): g′ = g(1 − 2h/R)
Escape velocity: vₑ = √(2GM/R) = √(2gR)
Orbital velocity: v₀ = √(GM/r)
Kepler's third law: T² ∝ r³

Fluids and elasticity

Pressure at depth: P = P₀ + ρgh
Bernoulli: P + ½ρv² + ρgh = constant
Stokes' law: F = 6πηrv
Terminal velocity: v = 2r²(ρ − σ)g / 9η
Young's modulus: Y = (F/A) / (ΔL/L)

Thermodynamics and kinetic theory

First law: ΔU = Q − W
Isothermal work: W = nRT ln(V₂/V₁)
Adiabatic process: PVᵞ = constant
Mayer's relation: Cₚ − Cᵥ = R
Carnot efficiency: η = 1 − T₂/T₁
RMS speed: v_rms = √(3RT/M)

Oscillations and waves

SHM displacement: x = A sin(ωt + φ)
Spring–mass period: T = 2π√(m/k)
Simple pendulum: T = 2π√(l/g)
Wave speed: v = fλ
Wave on a string: v = √(T/μ)
Doppler effect: f′ = f (v ± v₀)/(v ∓ vₛ)

Electrostatics

Coulomb's law: F = kq₁q₂/r², k = 9 × 10⁹ N m²/C²
Field of a point charge: E = kq/r²
Potential of a point charge: V = kq/r
Parallel-plate capacitor: C = ε₀A/d
Energy stored: U = ½CV² = Q²/2C
Capacitors in series: 1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ + …
Capacitors in parallel: C = C₁ + C₂ + …

Current electricity

Ohm's law: V = IR
Resistance: R = ρl/A
Power: P = VI = I²R = V²/R
Resistors in series: R = R₁ + R₂ + …
Resistors in parallel: 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + …
Terminal voltage: V = E − Ir
Balanced Wheatstone bridge: P/Q = R/S

Magnetism

Force on a charge: F = qvB sin θ
Force on a wire: F = BIL sin θ
Long straight wire: B = μ₀I / 2πr
Centre of a circular loop: B = μ₀I / 2R
Solenoid: B = μ₀nI
Radius in a magnetic field: r = mv/qB

EMI and AC

Faraday's law: ε = −dΦ/dt
Motional EMF: ε = Blv
Inductive reactance: X_L = ωL
Capacitive reactance: X_C = 1/ωC
Impedance: Z = √(R² + (X_L − X_C)²)
Resonance: ω₀ = 1/√(LC)

Optics

Mirror formula: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u
Lens formula: 1/f = 1/v − 1/u
Lens maker's: 1/f = (μ − 1)(1/R₁ − 1/R₂)
Power of a lens: P = 1/f (f in metres)
Snell's law: n₁ sin θ₁ = n₂ sin θ₂
Fringe width (YDSE): β = λD/d

Modern physics

Photon energy: E = hf = hc/λ
Photoelectric equation: K_max = hf − φ
de Broglie wavelength: λ = h/p
Bohr radius: rₙ = 0.529 n²/Z Å
Bohr energy: Eₙ = −13.6 Z²/n² eV
Radioactive decay: N = N₀e^(−λt)
Half-life: T½ = 0.693/λ
Mass–energy: E = mc²

How to use this sheet

This is the core list for JEE Main and NEET Physics: 95 formulas across 15 chapters, written the way you'd use them in a problem. Revise one chapter a day in the last month, and test yourself in Formula Sprint; recalling a formula in two seconds is very different from recognising it.

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Questions students ask

Which physics formulas are most important for JEE Main?

The ones used across chapters: kinematics, energy conservation and Ohm's law in Physics; mole concept and equilibrium in Chemistry; quadratics, trigonometry and integration in Maths.

Is this formula sheet enough for revision?

It covers the formulas most often used in JEE Main and NEET. Use your NCERT and coaching notes for derivations and special cases.